Tapered roller bearings have taper-formed raceways on inner and outer rings, and have taper-formed rollers between raceways. When the tapered sliding surfaces of the outer and inner rings as well as the rolling elements are extended, they would converge towards the same single point on the bearing axis line. These bearings can accommodate radial-axial combined loads replying mainly on radial load. The capacity of carrying axial load varies with the contact angle ɑ of the outer ring raceway, the greater the angle, the larger the capacity. Tapered roller bearings are separable formed bearings. Their rollers, cage and inner ring are called as cone, outer ring are named as cup. Cone and cup can be mounted respectively. The bearings are classified by elements as single row, double row and multiple row bearings. Single row tapered roller bearings can limit only axial displacement of axis or housing in one direction, and carry axial load in one direction. Double row tapered roller bearings can accommodate simultaneously radial load and also axial load in double directions. This design is possible to limit the axial displacement of the shaft or the housing in double directions within the scope of the axial clearance. Four row tapered roller bearings are basically the same as the double row design in the functions and features. However, they can carry heavier load than the double row bearings, but with slightly slower limit rotational speed. Applications of these bearings can be found in the heavy machines such as the rolling mills etc. Usually for tapered roller bearings there should be no angle misalignment between the shaft and the housing bore. Their axial clearances are important for the bearings operating normally. When the axial clearances are tighter, the temperature would be higher; when the axial clearances are looser, the bearings would be damaged easily. Therefore, the axial clearance of single row bearings should be paid particular attention to be turned well suitable while mounting. When being delivered ex works, the clearances for double and four row bearings have been fixed, so they are needless to be turned more by the users. Applications of these bearings are found in automobile wheels (both rear and front), variable speed devices, differential mechanisms, small gear shafts, machine tool spindles, construction machines, large-sized agricultural machines, gear deceleration devices for railway vehicles, and the deceleration devices for mill roll necks etc.
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