The oxygen sensor monitors the engines air to fuel ratio by measuring the amount of free oxygen in the exhaust. It reports this information to the engine control unit or ECU. Approximately every 10 milliseconds the ECU uses this information to make corrections to the air to fuel mixture for maximum efficiency.
The sensor works as a result of the varying quantities of oxygen in the exhaust verses the amount in the atmosphere. Voltage is produced by the difference in the two amounts. If the amount of oxygen in the exhaust is closer to the amount in the air, The engine is lean and the voltage is low (under 250mv). If the engine is rich the voltage is high (about 950mv).
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